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Claflin University is a private, coeducational, liberal arts institution located in Orangeburg, South Carolina, United States, about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Columbia. Founded in 1869 after the American Civil War by northern missionaries for the education of freedmen and their children, it offers bachelor's and master's degrees.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Academic Programs )〕 In 2014, it was ranked as the best liberal arts college in South Carolina by ''Washington Monthly'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2014 Liberal Arts College Rankings - Washington Monthly )〕 and in 2015 it was ranked as the eighth-best HBCU in the nation by ''US News & World Report''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HBCU Ranking )〕 == History == Claflin was founded after the American Civil War in 1869 by Methodist missionaries from Massachusetts, supported by the New England Conference, to provide education to freedmen and prepare them for full citizenship. The university was named after two prominent Methodist churchmen, the Massachusetts governor William Claflin and his father, the Boston philanthropist Lee Claflin, who provided a large part of the funds to purchase the campus. Dr. Alonzo Webster, a minister and educator from Vermont and a member of Claflin’s Board of Trustees, secured Claflin’s charter from the state legislature in 1869. The charter forbids discrimination of any sort among faculty, staff and students, making Claflin the first South Carolina university open to all students regardless of race, class or gender. Dr. Webster served as the first president of Claflin. He had gone to South Carolina to teach at the Baker Biblical Institute in Charleston. It was established in 1866 by the S.C. Mission Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the education of African-American ministers. In 1870 the Baker Biblical Institute merged with Claflin University. In addition, the South Carolina General Assembly on March 12, 1872, designated the South Carolina State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute as a part of Claflin University . In 1877, after having gained control of the state legislature at the end of the Reconstruction era through voter intimidation and fraud, white conservative Democrats passed a law prohibiting admission of blacks to the College of South Carolina, ending the integration of the school. They authorized Claflin College as the state college institution to serve all black students and established the State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute there in order to qualify for the federal Morrill Land Grants. These provided grants if the state provided for the higher education of all students.〔Henry H. Lesesne, ''A History of the University of South Carolina, 1940-2000'', University of South Carolina Press, 2001, p. 2〕〔('1873-1877, The End of Reconstruction' ), University of South Carolina, Office of Multicultural Student Affairs〕 In 1896 the S.C. General Assembly passed an act of separation, which severed the State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute from Claflin University and established a separate institution. It eventually developed and was named as South Carolina State University. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Claflin University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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